【新唐人2013年09月07日讯】一份由清华大学制定的中国养老体制改革备选方案提出，从2015年开始逐步延迟领取养老金，到2030年实现普通职工和居民65岁领取养老金。这个方案公布后，引发极大争议。有评论指出，推迟领取养老金政策的提出，证明大陆养老金账户的资金亏空已经巨大到无法填补，无论当局理由多么冠冕堂皇，都是在用百姓的钱为政府的坏账买单。
据中共喉舌《人民网》8月21号报导，近日，中共人力资源和社会保障部对外界透露，中国社科院、人民大学、清华大学等，多家社保研究机构和高校正在研究制定养老改革备选方案，其中清华大学在12号拿出了一套〝延迟到65岁领取养老金〞的方案，在《人民网》公开征集意见，遭到了民众的强烈反对。
湖北潜江宪政义工冯玲：〝还要通过民意、民意测试，大家都同意的话你可以，但是大家都反对的话，你这样做的话，不太可能吧，60岁你看身体都不是蛮好了，那65的话，推迟了那么迟，我想大家都是不愿意的。〞
有评论指出，就目前中国现状而言，女性到40岁，男性50岁就会进入就业困难期，70%的人不可能工作到65岁，在这段长达近20年的时间里，没有基本生活保障的老人将如何生存？
冯玲：〝现在假如像我们去找工作，超过50或者是超过40岁的话，它一般都是要录取年轻人。像年纪大的，你又不拿退休金，你又还要交养老保险的话，对这些人群的话都是一大困难哪。〞
财经社会类评论家巩胜利：〝其实这是一种杀鸡取卵，你可以想见而知，老龄的这些人，如果没有养老金或者医疗保障这种体系的维系，这些人就会可能提前走人。〞
一位50多岁靠修自行车的微薄收入，来缴纳每年8000多元养老保险的老人质问：〝我到死，还能享受几年养老？〞，引发了无数老人的共鸣。
曾经有人计算，按照中国养老保险最低交纳年限15年来计算，最少要领取15到20年的养老金才可能领出自己缴纳的费用。而按照中国目前人均寿命75岁来计算，如果从60岁领取养老保险，即使领到死亡也未必能领回自己所交的钱。
北京市维权公民李学会：〝有可能到我领的时候都没影了，所以不看好这个东西。〞
巩胜利：〝中国长期以来不管是医疗费也好，还是养老金也好，还是退休也好，都是老百姓自己在给自己买单，和国际绝大多数的法制国家都不同。〞
对于延迟领取养老金的理由，清华的专家们很坦白的表示：为了弥补养老保险金巨大的缺口。
根据中共劳动与社会保障部数据显示，大陆有近半数省份养老金入不敷出，截止2010年，中国养老个人账户〝空账〞超过1.7万亿元，而且这种缺口还在持续加大着，目前中国养老金空帐规模保守估计最少达3万亿人民币，未来30年将达到6万亿，令人触目惊心。
对于空帐的产生，公认的原因是，养老保险金不断被公私双方挪用，导致〝坏账〞无法填补，账户名义上有钱，实际上无法兑现，而且这种空帐将会随着中国老龄化的加剧而更加严重。
独立中国问题学家巩胜利认为，目前养老金账户亏空已经进入了拆东补西的状态，因此当局才想出了推迟领取的主意。但是，这种方案只能推后解决问题的时间，养老金的资金亏空依然无法填补。
采访/朱智善 编辑/张天宇 后制/王明宇
China Could Postpone Pension Age to 65,
Accumulating More Deficit
Recently, Tsinghua University proposed
a new pension scheme.
Under the new scheme current pensionable age
will be postponed from 2015,
It then said that the initial pension age should be
raised to 65 years of age as of 2030.
The news triggered wide controversy.
Some people said the pension scheme indicates that the pension
funds have a huge deficit with no other way to fill the gap.
No matter what good reasons the authorities give,
the civilians will forcibly be made to pay the bill.
On August 21, People's Daily website, a mouthpiece media
of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) quoted from the Party's
Human Resources and Social Security team that experts are
preparing a new pension scheme.
These experts are from the Chinese Academy of Social
Sciences, Renmin University and Tsinghua University.
On August 12, Tsinghua drafted the scheme, issuing it to the
People's Daily website to solicit feedback from the public.
Feng Ling, a constitutional system volunteer worker: "To
collect feedback in the public, if people are agree, that's ok.
If people are against it, and they still carry it out, it is no good.
Some people don't feel well when they reach 60 so to postpone
pension age to 65, I think no one is happy about it."
Some commentators pointed out that when women reach age
40 and men age 50, they find it difficult to apply for a job.
70% of people have to wait to retire at age 60.
Now it may be age 65.
How can they survive for 20 years or more without
livelihood guarantee.
Feng Ling: "It is difficult for people like us,
over 40 or 50 years old to go out to find a job.
They would rather employ young people.
For elderly people without pension but having to pay
for the pension, makes it a hard life."
Gong Shengli, finance commentator:
"Actually, this is a kind of killing.
You can imagine that these elderly people, if they don't
have pension or healthcare benefit, they may die earlier."
An elderly person, over 50-years-old, living on
bicycle repair work with very low income,
has to pay 8,000 Yuan ($1,307) pension insurance
each year, he questioned: "Before I die, how
many years do I have to spend my pension?"
These words aroused many elderly peoples'
sympathetic responses.
Some people calculated that to pay the minimum pension age
for 15 years it will take 15 to 20 years to get the money back.
According to statistics China's current per capita life is age 75.
If one starts to receive a pension from age 60, he may not be
able to reclaim his own money back.
Beijing activist Li Xuehui: "Maybe by the time when I retire,
the money is gone. I don't like this scheme."
Gong Shengli: "In China, no matter healthcare or pension,
these are all paid by citizens. We paid the bill for ourselves.
It is different compared with counties that have rule of law."
Experts in Tsinghua University frankly said that the reason to
postpone the pension age, is to fund pension insurance deficit.
According to China's official data,
50% of provinces have a pension deficit.
By the end of 2010, China's empty individual accounts had
accumulated to 1.7 trillion Yuan deficit, which still increasing.
Now the deficit has reached at least 3 trillion Yuan.
In the next 30 years it will reach 6 trillion Yuan.
A shocking figure!
The reason for the accumulation of the empty accounts was
found to be pension insurance income being constantly used.
This caused a bad debt that can't be cleared, namely,
the accounts should have money but it is not truth.
The rapid growth in the number of retirees made this
problem even worse.
Gong Shengli believes that the current pension accounts
are already in deficit.
So the CCP intends to introduce a new scheme
of postponing the pension age.
However, this reform only can win a little time
to solve the problem. It still can't fill the deficit.
相关标签： 养老金 养老账户 保险金 资金亏空 社会保障
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